What is child protection and why is it necessary?
Child Protection is about protecting adults who work with children as well as the children themselves.
- It is the right of children to participate and grow in a safe environment. All children and young people, whatever their age, gender, racial background, culture or disability, should have the opportunity to grow up safe from harm.
- Sensible precautions will minimise the risks for both adult workers and children and young people and ensure they are kept safe from harm.
- Sensible precautions include having policies and practises that will ensure safety. These must be brought together in a clear and consistent way and made available for young people, parents, youth workers and the wider public.
- Increasingly you will find insurance companies require evidence that organisations have Child Protection policies in place before they offer an insurance quote.
The Scottish Executive has produced a PARENT CHECKLIST for Youth Activities. This is a benchmark for parents and has gone out through schools but is also useful for organisations. This can be found on www.scotland.gov.uk
Youth Scotland, the largest non-uniformed, voluntary youth work organisation in Scotland, has recently developed a resource pack entitled "Safe and Sound - building a safer youth work environment". The pack will support you through processes and contains sample forms as well as good practice information. For further details, please telephone 0131 554 2561 or visit www.youthscotland.org.uk
The following is an excerpt from the pack:
What is child protection?
Youth groups, like all facilities working with young people, take child protection seriously. The development and implementation of clear and concise child protection policies and procedures are a key requirement for any organisation working with young people.
Why do we need a child protection policy?
- Shows the group's commitment to protecting children, giving clear signals that the group takes child protection seriously in all aspects of its activities.
- Shows shared responsibility for child protection - with a role for youth workers, parents, young people and management committees
What should a Child Protection policy be?
More than a piece of paper - this is a policy statement that can be as simple as:
"It is the policy of (your youth group) to safeguard the welfare of all children and young people by protecting them from physical, sexual and emotional harm."
Why do we need a policy on confidentiality?
- Shows a commitment to openness and communication
- Shows respect for confidentiality and the circumstances where confidentiality cannot be allowed to override the rights of young people to be protected from harm
- Shows sensitivity to information held on families and young people, which is not passed on or talked about without consent
- It gives signals to young people that it is safe to talk
- It helps youth workers understand their role in cases of allegations/suspicions of abuse.
Youth Workers
As part of being a youth worker you build up close trusting relationships with the young people you are working with. You need to look closely at your practice because people working with children and young people are under scrutiny more than ever before.
The expectations of young people, their parents and your local community in relation to the role of the youth worker are constantly changing. What was considered acceptable a few years ago maybe considered unacceptable and maybe even dangerous today.
Youth workers can find themselves in potentially difficult and vulnerable situations which could be easily misinterpreted. You have a responsibility to look at your practice and that of your colleagues on a regular basis to see if it can be improved or changed in line with current expectations.
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Who has responsibility for Child Protection within an organisation?
- At one level each and every person has some responsibility for child protection.
- Beyond that there are different levels of responsibility and different roles.
- Ultimate responsibility for ensuring adequate child protection rests with the highest level within an organisation - Board of Directors/Management Committee/Kirk Session etc.
- An organisation must appoint a suitable person to be Child Protection Co-ordinator. A co-ordinator works on behalf (not instead of) the highest level within the organisation. This person will help to ensure that agreed policy and practice is implemented at a practical level. The co-ordinator should be the only person to liaise with external bodies such as the police and social work.
- The youth worker as the person who has the regular face to face contact with children and young people must ensure that all good practice guidelines agreed by the organisation are followed at all times. The youth worker needs to know what to do if any form of abuse is suspected.
- The leader on the day/night/activity/event has particular delegated responsibility to ensure good practice guidelines are properly followed and needs to know what to do if one of their workers shares with them a concern about a child or young person.
- Without being intrusive, youth workers can help one another maintain the culture of good practice that is the key to safeguarding children and young people.
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How do you decide if an activity is appropriate?
- This would usually involve a form of Risk Assessment. This would include:
- Where is the activity taking place?
- When is it taking place?
- How will it be conducted?
- Are the staffing numbers adequate?
- What level of supervision will be required?
- Is there a potentially hazardous element to it?
- Are external instructors/tutors/trainers required?
- Is transport required? What are the implications?
- Is the activity culturally appropriate for all members of the group?
- Is it appropriate for the age group/age range?
- Is the activity inclusive?
- Does the activity contribute to the overall programme?
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What is child abuse?
Abuse is where a child or young person is denied the opportunity to be safe or feel safe.
It can take many forms but most fit into the following categories:
- Physical abuse: intentional physical injury or forcible restraint without reason
- Psychological abuse: manipulation causing fear of violence, ridicule or exclusion
- Sexual abuse: abuse for sexual gratification.
It is important to remember that an abuser is not necessarily an adult; it can be anyone who holds power over another person.
The following is an excerpt from the Youth Scotland pack 'Safe and Sound-building a safer youth work environment'. For further details, please telephone 0131 554 2561 or visit www.youthscotland.org.uk
Minimising Risk
Risk isn't just about your perception of a situation but the view of the young people, their parents, your organisation and your local community.
The list below is presented to show some of the ways in which inappropriate practice might appear and be seen as abusive / dangerous. It is important to recognise that the list does not include everything that can happen but enough examples to give you clear guidance. It does not imply that all the actions below are in themselves abusive but must be seen in the context of the interaction with the young person and the intention of the youth worker.
Overall, this list is meant to aid and advise youth workers in minimising risk and encouraging good practice. Youth workers must always exercise an appropriate level of judgement in each case.
Minimising the risk of physical abuse
Youth workers should not do any of the following to/at young people:
- Hit
- Push or jab
- Throw things.
Minimising the risk of emotional abuse
Youth workers should never use the following in their work with young people:
- Inappropriate/systematic sarcasm
- Isolation
- Unfavourable comparisons
- Threats and intimidation
- Scapegoating
- Systematic personal criticism.
Minimising the risk of sexual abuse
Youth workers should never do any of the following to young people:
- Inappropriate touching/comforting
- Make suggestive remarks or gestures
- Sexual harassment
- Show them indecent materials.
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Do I need to create a Policy/ Good Practice Guidelines?
All organisations working with young people need to consider how it is going to protect the young people and the volunteers or staff working with them. The child protection policy should make clear statements on the views/rules of the organisation. The good practice guidelines should indicate the practical things that the organisation will do to ensure the aspirations of the policy is realised.
See Useful Links - many of the websites give templates to develop your policy document.
Listed below are some core and optional* areas for your policy/good practice documents:-